Willem adelaar pdf

Aspect morphology and discourse markers play an accessory role in both construction types. Referential tracking of the sub- ject of the dependent verb can always be achieved by morphological means, either directly, because its grammatical person is indicated on the dependent verb itself, or indirectly, because it is co-referential with the subject of the main verb.

Quechua con- verbs refer to an event prior to or simultaneous with the event referred to by the verb to which they are subordinated. It is common in the literature on Turkic languages e. Nevskaya In our data from the Tarma dialect, the suix -pti- is usually represented as -tbi- due to metathesis and subsequent voicing of the second consonant. High vowels are lowered to mid in the proximity of an uvular consonant. A ixed combination -ku-q-nuy, which consists of the agentive nominalization in -q accom- panied by the aspect marker -ku- and the case marker -nuy, has roughly the same function.

Nominalization assigns a nominal status to a verb and licenses the addition of case markers. Several types of subordination are obtained by combining speciic nominalizations with speciic case markers. Examples will be given in the following sections. Types of nominalization From a morphological point of view, there are ive basic types of nominalization in Tarma Quechua, each of them marked by a distinct ending.

As the complement of a perception verb, the agentive nominalizer can also refer to an ongoing event from the perspective of its subject e. On transitive verb bases it is co-referential with the object of the base and on intransitive verb bases with its subject. A further dimension to be taken into account when considering the nomi- nalization types of Tarma Quechua is their ability to combine with personal refer- ence markers.

Note that the verbal subject markers are for- mally coincident with the nominal possessive markers when co-occurring with nominalizers. Near Tarma a sixth ending of limited distribution is found, -bashla. In both cases the nominalized verb in -q can be marked for accusative case, assuming the role of object in a matrix clause.

Note that third person patients are not indicated morphologically, except optionally in combination with the agentive marker -q or the subordinator -r.

Adelaar explicitly visible. A personal reference marker that accompanies an ininitive can only refer to a possessor. With the exception of the ininitive, Tarma Quechua nominalized verbs of all types are oten used as modiiers. Although Quechua normally respects a modiier- head order, nominalized verbs can either precede or follow their heads.

A stative nominalized form refers to a participant in an accomplished event or acts as a modiier to such a participant. From a syntactic point of view, there is always an empty slot that can correspond with the subject or with a patient, depending on whether the base is intransitive or transitive, respectively. As a result, it cannot be preceded by the long vowel version of any other suix or root see Adelaar 86—8 for an account of this restriction.

All this seems to indicate that its geographical distribution is very restricted. It denotes an event rather than a participant in the event or one of its properties. The event denoted by the dependent verb can either be accomplished or ongoing. From a syntactic point of view, there are no empty slots. Both the subject and the object position can be illed.

Objects can be indicated lexically. Lexical subject and patient expressions respect the dominant SOV order of Quechua dependent clauses.

When both subject and patient are expressed, the latter is marked for accusative case. Add Social Profiles Facebook, Twitter, etc. Willem F. Unfollow Follow Unblock. Other Affiliations:. Amerindian languages. Emeritus professor in indigenous languages of the Andes Leiden University, the Netherlands edit. Publisher: ifeanet. Torero Page Willem Adelaar is uncertain, and these dialects may not constitute a unity at all. Page Willem Adelaar Final verbal suffixes are not as restricted in shape as non-final suffixes are Willem Adelaar Final verbal suffixes are not as restricted in shape as non-final suffixes are.

Publisher: pubman. The same holds for p. Another observation concerns the excessively re-petitive Linguistics and American Linguistics.

Chapter 2. Proto-Quechua and Proto-Aymara agropastoral terms more. Andean Linguistics and the Interdisciplinary Challenge more. Archaeology , Linguistics , and Expansion. Inverse markers in Andean languages: A comparative view more. The purpose of the present contribution is to compare the use of inverse markers in the verbal morphology of three unrelated Andean languages: Quechua, Puquina and Mapuche.

It will be argued that inverse markers tend to develop as a It will be argued that inverse markers tend to develop as a result of typological convergence Publisher: lotos. Grammatical vowel length and the classification of Quechua dialects more. Page 1. The languages of the eastern slopes more.

The Araucanian sphere more. Tarma Quechua: grammar, texts, dictionary more. Publisher: getcited. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Need an account? Click here to sign up. Download Free PDF. Willem Adelaar. A short summary of this paper. Alfredo Torero Fernandez De Cordova.

Bulletin of Latin American Research, Vol. Alfredo Torero was born in Huacho, Peru, in