Ultrasound and carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis free download

Cardiovascular and Cancer, the most common life-threatening diseases in western countries, are two of the most important topics focused in the book. Some chapters are direct contributions from medical research groups where Ultrasound has also received great attention in the last decade.

By this, new techniques based on Ultrasound were introduced in the clinical practice for diagnosis and therapeutics, mainly in hospital facilities.

Atherosclerotic Plaque Characterization Methods Based on Coronary Imaging provides a complete review of computer methods for atherosclerotic plaque reconstruction and characterization. The authors, with their expertise from biomedical engineering, computer science, and cardiology, offer a holistic view.

The focus of the book is on the presentation of major imaging techniques, including their limitations. It includes details on the mechanical characterization and properties of plaques and appropriate constitutive models to describe the mechanical behavior of plaques. The authors explore the challenges of using multiple coronary imaging technologies, and provide the pros and cons of invasive vs.

This book will help readers study new trends in image processing analysis and plaque characterization, implement automated plaque characterization methodologies, understand coronary imaging drawbacks, and comprehend 3 dimensional coronary artery and plaque reconstruction methods.

Describes the multimodality imaging techniques that are commonly used in the diagnosis of arterial diseases, including intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography, angiography, computed tomography angiography, and magnetic resonance angiography Discusses in-depth the computational methods which can be used for the detection of different plaque types Explores plaque in 3D reconstruction methods and plaque modeling approaches.

In today's medical field, many techniques like electrocardiogram, x-rays, ultrasound, electroencephalogram, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging use signal and image processing techniques to determine the physical and biological properties of the tissues and organs.

The underlying principle in signal processing in medicine is that the response of a tissue to a signal applied to it can be used to derive inherent characteristics of the tissue. The characterization is done effectively by applying certain signal processing algorithms that vary from one application to another. This ever-growing field has opened up exploration into many research areas. Ultrasound is commonly used in non-destructive evaluation of materials and in medical imaging to evaluate tissues and organs.

Many characteristics of the ultrasound signal, such as velocity, attenuation, and backscatter coefficient are useful to characterize the material or tissues. Atherosclerosis is a condition that results in the thickening and hardening of arteries. It involves deposits of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular products, calcium and other substances in the inner lining of an artery.

This build-up, called plaque, reduces and eventually blocks the blood flow to the heart muscle, which leads to heart attack and failure. Different techniques such as electrocardiogram, coronary angiography, computer tomography scan and ultrasound exist to diagnose and evaluate the risk and presence of atherosclerosis. Various ultrasound techniques, including intravascular ultrasound imaging, elastography and acoustic microscopy have been applied for atherosclerosis diagnosis.

The focus of this thesis was to develop data-acquisition and processing techniques for high frequency 50 Mhz focused ultrasound probe to characterize small tissue specimens such as vessel wall of a few mm thickness. We attempted characterization of normal and atherosclerotic tissue specimens using 50 MHz ultrasound. Techniques for measurement of ultrasound velocity, attenuation and backscatter parameters of signals were developed. Rabbit and monkey tissues with varying intensities of atherosclerosis were used as specimens for the research work and a relationship between the severity of atherosclerosis and the parameters was observed.

Author : Daniel N. Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease that leads to plaque development and is associated with cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Several biomarkers have been established as surrogates of plaque development yet none can provide direct, noninvasive, rapid measurements of atherosclerotic disease.

Three-dimensional Ultrasound 3DUS image acquisition is safe, inexpensive and fast, however 3DUS image measurements are limited due to time consuming manual image analyses. In addition, the true clinical meaning of 3DUS carotid imaging measurements has not yet been established. The majority of these deaths are caused when the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques triggers life-threatening conditions such as myocardial infarction and stroke.

Although the histopathological features of life-threatening plaques are known, detecting them in vivo is challenging. The abnormal proliferation of the adventitial vasa vasorum, the microvessels that nourish arterial walls, may destabilize atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, visualizing the vasa vasorum could help assess atherosclerotic plaques. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can characterize the neovascular vasa vasorum in atherosclerotic arteries.

However, the translation of vasa vasorum imaging to the clinic is hampered by the absence of techniques capable of reliably detecting microbubble contrast agents.

The goal of the research reported in this thesis is to develop methods for the intravascular detection of the vasa vasorum. To achieve this goal, we conducted physical characterization and imaging studies with Targestar-PR, a commercial contrast agent. Specifically, we 1 investigated the impact of the size distribution of the agent on its nonlinear response; 2 discovered that temporal changes in the agent can be harnessed to enhance nonlinear emissions; 3 demonstrated using numerical simulations and acoustic measurements that chirp-coded pulsing can substantially enhance the nonlinear response of microbubbles; and 4 developed a prototype intravascular ultrasound system for vasa vasorum imaging.

We validated the vasa vasorum imaging system by conducting experiments with hydrogelow phantoms. Further, we compared the performance achievable with this system in subharmonic and ultraharmonic imaging modes.

The findings reported in this thesis could accelerate the development of efficacious contrast agents for intravascular ultrasound imaging. These morphometric details have been studied not only in postmortem examination but also with the help of imaging modalities such as ultrasound, digital subtraction angiography, computed tomography angiography, and the assistance of computational models and magnetic resonance angiography. The establishment of certain anatomical and geometrical details in addition to traditional risk factors may help in the identification of patients at high risk of developing carotid artery disease.

We reviewed the literature to highlight the evidence on the importance of various geometrical details in the development of carotid atheroma and to suggest areas of future research. Christos P. Loizou, Constantinos S. Michalakis A. Averkiou, Christophoros Mannaris, Andrew Nicolaides. Nonlinear Contrast Intravascular Ultrasound. David E. Goertz, Martijn E. Frijlink, Nico de Jong, Antonius F.

Joshua J. Rychak, Alexander L. Kakkos, Kirk W. Beach, Andrew Nicolaides. Automated Classification of Plaques. Plaque Feature Extraction. Christodoulos I. Christodoulou, Efthyvoulos Kyriacou, Marios S. Pattichis, Constantinos S. Plaque Classification. Efthyvoulos Kyriacou, Christodoulos I.