Risk management in civil engineering pdf

The about by certain deviation in process parameters such as inherent operational inadequacies of industries, chemical pressure, temperature etc. This involves the arising from the risk. This gives a qualitative analysis and Environmental Hazard Management is idea of the various hazards that may occur in the process presented in this paper along with a case study of a area. The larger the value of the index, the more or occurrence and the areas in which a hazard may occur hazardous is the process.

When used to evaluate the design and its area or influence. This dispersion is primarily due to turbulent i Fire — This may either cause formation of a diffusion and bulk air flow. The standard deviations are related which on subsequent ingnition may result in a to the eddy diffusivities through the equations, functions of vapour cloud explosion which leads to heat downwind distance x from the source as well as the radiation and pressure wave formation.

Incidents usually occur through the Manifolding of gas and liquid: The well fluid lines from the coincident failure of two or more items; failure of wells are combined into the production and Test Separators equipment, control systems and instruments, and mis- respectively. The manifold is provided with pressure operation. The sequence of events that leads to hazardous indicators, shut down valves and pressure safety valves on incident can be shown as a fault tree.

The has been discussed and they have been analyzed which production and Test Separators are provided with pressure collectively have given us a qualitative and quantitative safety valves respectively. The liquid from the separators is perception of the risk. Thus, a cause effect relationship has taken to the Condensate Recovery System. The next step would naturally be the prevention Control and Condensate Recovery: The liquid hydrocarbon condensate Relief operations pertaining to the environmental hazard.

Such a treatment can be classified under the heading Drum whichis designed as storage —cum-separator vessel to Hazard Management. Toosi University of Technology. Dintie S. Jiliang Li. Tanya Igneva. Daniele Bocchiola. Michele Iervolino. Davorin Penava.

Marta Bottero. Omid Aminoroayaie Yamini. Hooman Mousavi. Majid Bavandpour. Toggle navigation. Home Vol 5, No 3 Ahmed. Abstract Construction projects in nature, carry a lot of risks, and unpredictable conditions. Greg S. Satpathy, T. Click here!

Open Access Journal Civil Engineering Journal is an open access journal, so articles are freely available to the readers. Journal Metrics. Editors » Editor in Chief: Prof. A major change in law such as environmental law, and such others may cause a major risk to the project.

Polluting the environment: If the design of the plant or the new project not meeting the environmental regulations. This will cause a risk to the project A. This will cause addition time and cost to project. Unexposed Site Condition: If the existing facility not exposed and all underground facilities not identified.

This will cause a time and cost impact. Shortage in manpower and unskilled manpower: Some of contractors are not providing the required manpower to complete the project and as well the skilled manpower to increase the productivity of project. This will cause a delay to the project as well as a loss of contractor profit.

Unsafety Behavior of contractor: Some of contractors are not providing the required skilled safety officers to guide the labors to complete their task in safety manner.

This will cause a risk to the project Unexperienced designers: Some of contractors are not providing the required skilled design engineers to complete the detailed design of the project as specified in the contract.

This will cause a risk to the project Commodity Price Fluctuation: Commodity price risk is the threat that a change in the price of a raw material will adversely impact a manufacturer who uses that raw material. The raw materials can be cotton, wheat, oil, sugar, copper, aluminum and steel. Unexpected changes in commodity prices after the submission of Bid will have a cost impact and risk to the contractor. Currency Fluctuation: Currency fluctuation is the result of volatile the exchange rate from one currency to another.

If the currency of contract price against other currencies has changed from the time of Bid submission to the time of invoice submission, this would have cost impact and risk to the contractor. Failure in commissioning the project: If during commissioning some equipment fail to work.

Output product not meeting the specifications: If during commissioning the equipment succeed to work but fail to meet the output specification. Risk Responses: The suitable responses for the above mentioned risks as follows:. Client conduct prequalification of bidders prior to issue the invitation to bidders. Only the qualified bidders will be invited to bid. Client shall conduct several design review with all stakeholders in addition to other studies such as HAZOP, SELL, RAM and QRA Client develop a process for managing the change of project during the FEED to control any change requested by project stakeholders to client designers and during the execution phase to control any change requested by stakeholder to contractor.

Client designers should make the demarcation of the project scope clear for contractor as well as any interfaces with existing facilities should be defined clearly. Client shall provide the updated law and regulation and any change in these after bid submission the client shall compensate the contractor Client designer must follow the environmental pollution agency rules and guidance and instruct the contractor to follow the same.

Client designers should reserve the land for proposed project including pipeline and cable routes. To avoid any clashes with other project during the execution of project by contractor. Client designers should carry out site survey, slit trenching and topography survey and geotechnical survey. This is to expose the site condition for contractor to avoid any dispute in future.

The contractor shall submit in his execution plan during the bid submission, the manpower histogram, subcontracting plan and key personnel list along with CV so that the client will be able to evaluate the capability of contractor to execute the project. The client shall state in his contract that the contractor shall provide safety officers for every certain numbers of labors working in same area and contractor shall adhere to this requirement.

The contractor shall submit in his execution plan during bid submission the CV for all lead design engineers as well as the engineering manager so that the client will be able to evaluate the capability of contractor designers to execute the project The client shall include in his contract the commodity price fluctuation to tackle any unexpected changes or differences in commodity price at the month of bid submission and moth of Purchase order placement.

A payment will be payable to the contractor if the price of the commodity at purchase order placement is higher than the price of commodity at bid submission. On the other hand, a refund will be payable to client if the price of the comity at purchase order placement is lower than the price of commodity at bid submission The client shall include in his contract the currency fluctuation to tackle any unexpected changes in exchange rate between the contract price currency and certain currencies at the month of bid submission and moth of invoice submission.

A payment will be payable to the contractor if the exchange rate of the contract currency against other currencies specified in the contract at the time of invoice payment is lower than the exchange rate of the contract currency against other currencies specified in the contract at the time of bid submission.